Weekend Special · Cycle Layer

I Back-tested 37 Bitcoin Cycle Rules One by One: 15 Have Stopped Working

The four-year rhythm holds, the amplitude is shrinking | The rally that began June 30 is now on day 103

Uncle Onchain · Liquidity to AlphaWeekend Special #3 · Cycle LayerData as of 2026-10-11

RISKRisk first: when this conclusion is void

The call in this report is that "the $58,525 close on June 30 is most likely the low of this bear market." The moment any daily close falls below $58,525, the call is void, and under our rules the state goes straight back to "Bear."

What if price drops to $60,000 but not below $58,525? By definition, the June 30 close is still this bear market's low, so the bottom still stands. Call it a "retest." But note that after the previous three confirmed bottoms, the lowest pullbacks stopped 21%, 56% and 28% above the low. None came this close ($60,000 would be only 2.5% above the low). If we got there, our confidence that "the bottom is behind us" would drop noticeably, and our daily reading would carry a "bottom in doubt" flag.

Even if the call is right, that does not mean price rises in a straight line. In the year after past confirmed bottoms, the maximum drawdown was 20%, 32% and 61% in the three cycles. Black swans can arrive at any time: size your positions as if another drop of 30% or more is still possible.

15 / 37Of 37 cycle rules, the number that have stopped working
525–546 daysHalving to top, last three cycles: under 3 weeks apart, the most robust rule
−53%This bear market’s max drop, vs 77%–85% in the previous three
1.10This cycle’s lowest MVRV: the first bear market that never fell below 1
6Bottom-confirmation signals this cycle, all pointing to around June 30
58,525Invalidation line: one daily close below it voids “bottom confirmed”
Three-minute summary
  1. The timing holds; the amplitude doesn't. From halving to cycle top, the last three cycles took 525 to 546 days, less than three weeks apart. But each cycle's top is less frenzied and each bottom less deep: this bear market fell only 53%, versus 77% to 85% in the previous three.
  2. Rules with "hard-coded numbers" are failing en masse. We back-tested 37 cycle rules, drawn from the wider market and from two Chinese-language on-chain analysts, Murphy (@Murphychen888) and CryptoChan (@0xCryptoChan). 15 have stopped working, mostly fixed thresholds like "the bottom is in once MVRV drops below 1" and countdowns like "the top comes X days after two lines cross."
  3. What survives are "where are we" rules, not "count the days" rules. For example, "this cycle's holder-cost lines have crossed, so the bottom is behind us." Six such signals this cycle point to June 30.
  4. Where we are now: late bear → early bull, bottom confirmed, day 46. The up-leg from June 30 is 103 days old and peaked at +48%. It has passed the "89-day line" we use in our daily Hot-Coin Analysis.
  5. Of the two calls in our August special, one has played out and one is still ahead. The $79,009 confirmation line has held. "Real acceleration waits until 15 months before the halving (mid-January 2027)" still has about 3 months to go.
Figure 1 Audit of 37 cycle rules: 15 hold in part or in full, 15 have stopped working, 7 are too early to tell
15 Hold, in part or in full mostly bottom zone / price floor / confirmation 15 Stopped working mostly fixed thresholds and countdowns 7 Too early to tell too few samples, or depends on definitions

What data we used

ConceptOut-of-sample test

Fix the rule using past data, then check it against a cycle that did not exist when the rule was set. Many rules look "right in all four cycles" simply because they were drawn from those four cycles. Only a hit on a cycle that played no part in setting the rule counts.

On the analysts quoted here: Some of the rules tested in this report come from public posts by two on-chain analysts, Murphy and CryptoChan, and are credited to them. Where we write that a rule has "stopped working," we mostly mean an old number no longer fits this cycle, not that the method itself is wrong. Here are their key dated calls of the past few years, checked against what happened:

Date Who The call at the time In hindsight
2022-11-09 Murphy Miner electricity-cost line breached; often marks an interim bottom Right (price fell only another 0.9% afterwards)
2022-12-16 CryptoChan Realized profit/loss ratio at an all-time low; odds of a confirmed bottom rising Right
2023-02 Both The bear market is over / the bottom zone has ended Right
2025-06-23 CryptoChan Bull top between mid-September and mid-October Right (topped Oct 6)
2025-11-20 Murphy This is an interim bear market, not a cyclical one Wrong (price later fell to 58,525)
2026-06-03 CryptoChan Start an 81-day DCA, build 50% first Right (another 8.6% drop to the bottom)
2026-06-10 Murphy The bottom is around $60,000 Right

This table only compares against the public record. What this report cares about is whether a method works across cycles.

01The rhythm holds: tops come about 530 days after the halving

ConceptHalving

Every 210,000 blocks (about four years), the new-coin reward miners receive per block is cut in half. The last four were Nov 2012, Jul 2016, May 2020 and Apr 2024; the next is expected in April 2028. The "four-year cycle" refers to the bull-and-bear loop that revolves around the halving.

We find each cycle's top and bottom from closing prices using a fixed rule, with no hand-picking. A cycle top is an all-time high followed by a fall of more than 50% that lasts at least 150 days. This rules out mid-bull-market crashes like April 2013 and April 2021.

Cycle Halving date Cycle top Days from halving to top Cycle bottom Bear-market drop Bear-market length
Cycle 1 2012-11-28 2013-12-04 371 days 2015-01-14 −84.5% 406 days
Cycle 2 2016-07-09 2017-12-16 525 days 2018-12-15 −83.8% 364 days
Cycle 3 2020-05-11 2021-11-08 546 days 2022-11-09 −76.7% 366 days
Cycle 4 (current) 2024-04-20 2025-10-06 534 days 2026-06-30 (so far) −53.1% 267 days
Figure 2 Four cycles aligned on the halving date (price ÷ price on halving day, log scale): the last three tops fall 525 to 546 days after the halving
Cycle 1 (2012 halving) Cycle 2 (2016 halving) Cycle 3 (2020 halving) Cycle 4 (2024 halving) 0.3× 1× 3× 10× 30× 100× -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 Days since the halving (0 = halving day) 525–546 days Halving day 371 day 525 day 546 day 534 Cycle 1 18.4× Cycle 2 6.3× Cycle 3 2.7× Cycle 4 1.3×
What it means for you The most reliable thing about the cycle is roughly when the top comes, not how long the bear market lasts.

02The amplitude is shrinking: tops less frenzied, bottoms less deep

ConceptRealized price (average cost of all coins)

Each bitcoin is valued at the price when it last moved on-chain, and those values are averaged. Think of it as "the average buy price of all holders."

ConceptMVRV

Price ÷ realized price. At 2, the average holder is up 100%; below 1, the average holder is underwater.

Cycle MVRV at the bull-market peak MVRV at the bear-market trough Bear-market drop
Cycle 1 5.88 0.56 −84.5%
Cycle 2 4.72 0.69 −83.8%
Cycle 3 3.96 0.75 −76.7%
Cycle 4 (current) 2.74 1.10 −53.1%
Figure 3 MVRV since 2011: each peak lower, each trough higher, and no sub-1 reading in this entire bear market
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 1 old “bottom line” 3.5 old “top line” 5.882013-12 4.722017-12 3.962021-02 2.742024-11 0.562015-01 0.692018-12 0.752022-11 1.102026-06 Oct 2025, at the price top: MVRV only 2.29 MVRV (price ÷ realized price), weekly, 2011 to date
Figure 4 Drawdown curves of five bear markets: this cycle is clearly the shallowest
0 −20% −40% −60% −80% −100% 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 Days since the cycle top 2011 2013-15 −84.5% 2017-18 −83.8% 2021-22 −76.7% This cycle, today −33.4% Cycle low −53.1% (day 267)

Why this happens: the market is bigger, with ETFs, public companies and more long-term holders, so each cycle's mania and panic is weaker than the last. The logic still holds (expensive means risk, cheap means opportunity), but the numbers for "how expensive" and "how cheap" must be recalculated with each cycle.

03The 37-rule audit: what stays, what breaks

We grouped the 37 rules by type:

Type What it tries to answer Example Result
Bottom zone Are we near a bottom? More than half of coins at a loss; realized losses exceeding realized profits over the past year; price below the 200-week moving average Appeared near all four bottoms, so direction holds. But it shows up one to five months early and cannot date the bottom
Price floor How low can it go? CVDD Closing price has never gone below it since 2011, so it holds. But it sits far below price and works only as a last line of defence
Bottom confirmation Has the bottom passed? Cost lines of different holder-age groups crossing; price reclaiming several short-term cost lines at once Historically appeared 1 to 5 months around the real bottom, so direction holds. This cycle, 6 of them point to June 30
Fixed thresholds A number that marks the top or bottom MVRV below 1 is the bottom; one group's share of supply reaching 22% is the bottom Fail from Cycle 3 or this cycle on
Countdowns How many days to the top or bottom "The top comes 648 to 694 days after two lines cross" Projecting from earlier cycles to the next, most miss the window
Concept200-week moving average

The average closing price over the past 1,400 days. Price has rarely fallen below it; when it does, it is usually the deepest part of a bear market.

ConceptSupply in profit

The share of all bitcoin whose cost is below the current price, meaning coins still in profit. Below 50% means more than half of all coins are at a loss.

ConceptRealized profit / loss

When a coin is sold, the selling price minus the purchase price is a realized profit if positive and a realized loss if negative. "Losses exceeding profits over the past year" means the market is selling at a loss, or capitulating.

ConceptCVDD

A slow-moving line derived from the cumulative value of old coins when they are spent. Bitcoin's closing price has never fallen below it since data began, so it is often treated as a price floor. It currently sits around $46,000.

Why countdowns keep failing

The day ranges in these rules were all drawn by looking at the past three cycles. With three points you can always find a range that "just fits" all of them; apply it to a fourth cycle and it no longer does. A few examples:

Rule What it says What happened
After realized profit over the past year overtakes losses, days until the bull top 648 to 694 days 450 / 663 / 856 / 693 days: only two of four hit
After long-term holders turn profitable, months until the major bull top about 24 months 26-29 / 31 / 35-40 months
After the share of coins held 6 to 12 months peaks, days until the top 352 to 354 days 551 / 353 / 0 / 83 days
Days after the halving for the short-term heat gauge RHODL to peak 522 to 533 days This cycle it peaked 221 days after the halving, 10 months before the price top

One more problem is easy to miss: some rules target a "recovery-phase top" or a "mini top," and where such a top sits is often decided only in hindsight. If the target can be chosen, the rule can never be wrong. In our back-tests we fixed the target as "the next swing high followed by a drop of more than 15%," so our results will not exactly match the day counts the authors themselves cite.

What it means for you When you see a forecast precise to "day X," ask first: how many cycles was this range drawn from? Was it checked against a cycle that played no part in setting it?

04The eight questions retail investors ask most

Q1 One-year bearQ2 MVRV below 1Q3 Valuation topsQ4 Halving overlaysQ5 Miner costQ6 Long-term holdersQ7 Up 40%Q8 Next top

Q1Do bear markets bottom after about a year?

COMMON CLAIMThe first three all took about a year, so just wait a year after the top.

What the data saysThis cycle broke it. Top to bottom took 406, 364 and 366 days in the first three; this cycle took 267. Projecting from the previous cycle misses this bottom by 99 days.

How to use it Judge the end of a bear market by "state" (Section 05), not by counting days.

Q2Is the real bottom only when MVRV falls below 1?

COMMON CLAIMWhen price falls below the average cost, everyone is underwater, and that is the true bottom.

What the data saysIt held in the first three cycles and failed this cycle.

How to use it Use MVRV to see how far price is from the average cost. Historically, buying when MVRV was below 1 made money over the following year 98% to 100% of the time. The undervalued zone still works; it just never showed up this cycle.

Q3Can valuation indicators still call the top?

COMMON CLAIMMVRV above 3.5, or the two moving averages of the Pi Cycle indicator crossing, marks the top.

ConceptPi Cycle indicator

A cycle-top signal that fires when the 111-day moving average crosses above twice the 350-day moving average.

What the data saysThey missed the last two cycles.

How to use it Valuation can still tell you whether things are expensive right now. Since 2018, buying with MVRV between 2 and 2.5 produced a negative median return over the next year. But "how expensive means the top" can no longer use the old numbers.

Q4Can halving overlays predict what comes next?

COMMON CLAIMAlign each cycle by halving date; whatever day count this cycle is on, look at what the previous cycle did next.

What the data saysThey are good for the big turning points only, not for the path. The overlays look alike mainly because everything trends up over the long run. Using 30-day returns instead, the cycles are almost uncorrelated; this cycle against the last is −0.02, meaning no relationship.

How to use it Use the overlay to see roughly what season of the cycle we are in, not to predict whether next month is up or down.

Q5Is the miner cost (electricity-cost line) the bottom?

COMMON CLAIMWhen price falls to miners' production cost, miners stop selling, and that is the bottom.

What the data saysIt is not a fixed bottom. We estimated miners' blended cost from difficulty. At the four real bottoms, price was 0.22, 0.42, 0.80 and 1.58 times that cost. In the first three cycles price spent months below the cost line; this cycle it never came near.

How to use it Price approaching miner cost signals miner stress and is a useful reference, but "once it gets there it's the bottom" does not hold.

Q6Are long-term holders selling? Is the top near?

ConceptShort-term / long-term holders

A coin that has not moved on-chain for more than about 155 days (5 months) counts as held by a "long-term holder"; otherwise it is held by a "short-term holder."

COMMON CLAIMLong-term holders starting to distribute marks the top; long-term holders selling at a loss marks the bottom.

What the data saysBoth are too crude.

Cycle The day long-term holders held the most coins, relative to the halving
Cycle 1 326 days after the halving
Cycle 2 179 days before the halving
Cycle 3 160 days after the halving
Cycle 4 (current) 139 days before the halving

Some began selling half a year before the halving, others nearly a year after; the timing simply does not line up. A claim like "heavy distribution starts about 160 days after the halving" fits only one of the four cycles.

How to use it What is useful is how hard they sell. After the bottoms of the first three bear markets, long-term holders each had one burst of capitulation. This cycle's burst came on June 30 itself, but it was the mildest in history, consistent with "the bottom is not as deep."

Q7Once price is up 40%, is the bottom safe?

COMMON CLAIMA rebound of 40% or more off the low confirms the bottom.

What the data saysMostly yes, with one important exception.

How to use it Bottom confirmation means "this cycle's low has most likely passed," not "price rises in a straight line from here." In the year after a confirmed bottom, Cycle 2 had a 61% drawdown (June 2019 to the March 2020 pandemic crash), Cycle 1 had 32% and Cycle 3 had 20%.

Q8Where is the next top?

What the data saysOnly an order of magnitude, not a date.

How to use it Over the medium term, the next top's time window is still far away. For short-term moves the cycle layer cannot answer; look at macro (Special #2) and holder structure (next issue).

05Where we are in the cycle now

We combined the rules that passed testing into six states

We use only the three kinds of signals that passed the tests above: bottom zone, bottom confirmation and top risk. Countdowns and fixed thresholds that have failed are not used. Each day is judged using only that day's and earlier data, with no peeking at the future.

State In plain English Entry condition
Bull Making new highs Close at an all-time high
Bull · top-risk zone Late bull market, be careful 480 to 600 days after the halving; or valuation and price are both already very high (MVRV at or above 2, and price at least 2× the 200-week moving average)
Bull pullback A big pullback inside a bull market, not yet confirmed as a bear Down 20% or more from the high
Bear Bear market Down 35% or more, more than 90 days since the high, and more than 450 days since the halving
Bear bottom zone The bottom area of a bear market In a bear market, at least 2 of the 6 bottom-zone signals are lit
Late bear → early bull The bottom has passed Up 40% from the low and the low is more than 90 days old; or price holds above four short-term cost lines for 7 straight days and a bottom confirmation such as a holder-age cost-line crossing has occurred
Figure 5 State band: the state the rules assigned each week since 2012, with Bitcoin price (log scale)
Bull Bull · top-risk zone Bull pullback Bear Bear bottom zone Late bear → early bull 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2013-12 top 2017-12 top 2021-11 top 2025-10 top 2015-01 bottom 2018-12 bottom 2022-11 bottom 2026-06 bottom Background = state the rules assigned that week; black line = Bitcoin weekly close (log scale, USD)

Replaying history to test it: we ran the rules over every day since 2012 and looked at how the following year went after each state.

Figure 6 Median return over the next year, share of the time positive, and worst case, by state (2014 to 2026 combined)
State Median return over the next year Share positive Worst case Late bear → early bull +152% 92% −69% Bear bottom zone +68% 91% −37% Bull · top-risk zone −6% 47% −84% Bull pullback −29% 30% −79% Bear −36% 31% −69%
State Median return over the next year Share of the time it made money Worst case
Late bear → early bull +152% 92% −69%
Bear bottom zone +68% 91% −37%
Bull · top-risk zone −6% 47% −84%
Bull pullback −29% 30% −79%
Bear −36% 31% −69%

(2014 to 2026 combined. Adjacent days overlap heavily and there are only a handful of truly independent stretches, so look at direction only.)

Known misses, stated plainly:

This cycle's bottom-confirmation signals

ConceptAge-band cost lines

The average cost of only those coins that last moved within a given age range. For example, the "6-12 month cost" is the average cost of those who bought 6 to 12 months ago and have not moved since. In a bear market, the newer the buyer, the lower the cost, so around the bottom these lines cross in sequence.

ConceptShort-term holder cost basis

The average cost of those who bought in the last 5 months or so. Price above it means recent entrants are, on the whole, in profit.

ConceptTrue market mean

The average cost of only the capital still actively trading, excluding coins untouched for years and possibly lost.

Signal How far from the real bottom, historically This cycle
6-12 month cost crosses below 12-18 month cost −1 to +31 days from the bottom July 15 (15 days after the bottom)
Long-term holder capitulation peaks 12 to 44 days after the bottom June 30 itself
On-chain turnover speed (SLRV) at its low 17 to 69 days before the bottom July 5 (5 days after the bottom)
Three age-band cost lines cross in turn (the "triple cross") Both crosses within 85 days of the bottom June 30 falls between the second and third cross
Price above four short-term cost lines at once 77 to 177 days after the bottom August 27 (58 days after the bottom)
Balanced price falls below long-term holder cost, then bottoms 102 to 185 days later 131 days later
Figure 7 This cycle’s bottom-confirmation signals: June 30 = 0, grey bands are the historical range vs the real bottom (the “triple cross” row in the table is not drawn)
−200 −150 −100 −50 0 +50 +100 +150 +200 0 = June 30 (this cycle’s lowest close) ← before the bottom (days) after the bottom (days) → 6–12 month cost crosses below 12–18 month cost History −1 to +31 This cycle +15 Long-term holder capitulation reaches its peak History +12 to +44 This cycle 0 On-chain turnover speed (SLRV) at its low History −69 to −17 This cycle +5 Price above four short-term cost lines at once History +77 to +177 This cycle +58 Balanced price falls below LTH cost, then bottoms (cross date) History −185 to −102 This cycle −131 Historical range vs the real bottom This cycle: inside range This cycle: outside range

Counter-evidence, shown too:

The up-leg since June 30

ConceptUp-leg / down-leg

Cut the price path into segments, switching direction whenever price reverses by more than 10%. An up segment is an up-leg and a down segment is a down-leg; as long as the pullback inside a leg stays under 10%, it is still the same leg. This is also the convention used in our daily Hot-Coin Analysis.

Counting that way:

Item Reading
Start 2026-06-30, 58,525
Leg age 103 days
High about 86,500 on September 21 (+47.8%)
Max drawdown inside the leg 6.9% (September 15); under 10%, so the leg has not broken
Now 83,084 (+42.0%, −4.0% from the high)
Figure 8 The up-leg since June 30 (x-axis: leg age): the high came on day 83, before the 89-day line
60k 70k 80k 90k 0 20 40 60 80 100 Leg age (days; June 30 = 0) 89-day line (9/27) Start 58,525 High 86,505 (9/21, +47.8%) Max drawdown in leg −6.9% (9/15) Today · day 103 83,084 Gain left after day 89 5 up-legs since 2019 that ran 89 days Gain left Drawdown 1 +39.7% −11.2% 2 +0.9% −18.9% 3 +7.4% −15.7% 4 +7.7% −12.6% 5 +12.9% −12.2% All 5 topped 2–38 days after day 89; drawdown is measured from that top.

The 89-day line: one alert in our daily Hot-Coin Analysis says that once an up-leg has run 89 days, it is "reduce only, no adding." The basis: of the 5 up-legs since 2019 that ran 89 days, all topped within 2 to 38 days afterwards. The gains remaining after day 89 were +39.7%, +0.9%, +7.4%, +7.7% and +12.9%, with drawdowns of 11% to 19% after the top. This leg reached day 89 on September 27, and its high (September 21) came before day 89.

Note: the 89-day line does not hold across all data since 2010; it held in all 5 cases only since 2019. We treat it as an alert, not a law.

What it means for you The cycle layer says the bottom has passed; the up-leg says this stretch has already run a while. The two do not contradict. The broad direction is up, but do not chase here. Wait for a pullback of 10% or more in this leg and a new leg to begin before considering adding.

Current reading (October 11, 2026)

State: late bear → early bull (bottom confirmed), since August 27, 2026, day 46.
Item Reading
Price 83,084
From this cycle's top (2025-10-06, 124,824) −33.4%, 370 days
From this cycle's low (2026-06-30, 58,525) +42.0%, 103 days
MVRV 1.54 (the average holder is up 54%)
Price ÷ 200-week moving average 1.25
Figure 9 Price and five cost lines since June 2025
40k 60k 80k 100k 120k 2025-07 2025-10 2026-01 2026-04 2026-07 2026-10 58,525 invalidation line 6/30 low 8/27 bottom confirmed Price 83,084 Short-term holder cost 74,307 True market mean 77,439 200-week MA 66,424 Realized price 53,810 Long-term holder cost 49,304 Price (black) and five cost lines, daily, June 2025 to date (USD)

Cost lines below price, nearest first:

Line Level From current price
True market mean 77,439 −6.8%
Short-term holder cost basis 74,307 −10.6%
200-week moving average 66,424 −20.1%
This cycle's lowest close (invalidation line) 58,525 −29.6%
Realized price (average cost of all coins) 53,810 −35.2%
Long-term holder cost basis 49,304 −40.7%

INVALIDATIONWhen this call is void

Reconciling with the August special

The August 22 special, The Overlooked Truth: The Bull Market Starts 15 Months Before the Halving, made two calls that can now be checked:

What we said then Now
A close above 79,009 that holds for two weeks makes the "bottom has been found" reading valid Played out: closes have stayed above 79,009 since September 18, reaching two weeks on October 2
Real acceleration waits until about 15 months before the halving (from January 16, 2027); until then it is "up and down, not much net progress" Still ahead: 97 days to January 16, 2027
Reading the two together The bottom has most likely passed, but by historical rhythm we are still in the "grind" phase. That is why this issue's "bottom confirmed" and that issue's "don't FOMO now" do not contradict each other.

Reading the cycle layer and the macro layer together

The conclusion of Special #2 was: macro governs tempo and risk, not direction. This issue supplies the other half: the base color of direction comes from the cycle.

06Things you can stop believing

The claim What the data says
Bear markets bottom after about a year First three: 364 to 406 days; this cycle: 267 days
MVRV below 1 is the bottom This cycle's low was 1.10 and it never went below 1, yet the bottom came
MVRV above 3.5 is the top This cycle's peak was 2.74; in the last two cycles the valuation top came 8 to 10 months before the price top
Halving overlays predict what happens next The correlation of 30-day returns between this cycle and the last is −0.02
"Top or bottom in X days" countdowns Projected from earlier cycles to the next, most miss the window
Miner cost is the bottom At the four bottoms, price was 0.22 to 1.58 times miner cost
Long-term holders selling at a loss is the bottom Occurred 47 times since 2011, repeatedly in bear markets
95%+ of coins in profit is the top 22 occurrences, scattered across every phase of bull markets
A 40% bounce means the bottom is safe Wrong 1 time in 4; even when right, drawdowns of 20% to 60% often follow within the year

Still standing (in direction only; just 4 cycles):

Limitations and disclaimers